Operation Cactus
Overview
On 3 November 1988, approximately 200 PLOTE (People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam) mercenaries — hired by Maldivian businessmen — landed in Malé and attempted to overthrow President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. R&AW had advance intelligence of the plot. Within hours, President Gayoom requested Indian military assistance. India launched Operation Cactus: paratroopers from the 50 Independent Parachute Brigade flew from Agra, Indian Navy vessels blocked the coup leaders' escape, and PARA commandos secured the capital overnight. The last of the fleeing coup leaders were intercepted at sea.
Outcome & Aftermath
Successful. The coup was neutralised within 24 hours. President Gayoom was restored to power. All key coup plotters were arrested; the mercenary vessel was intercepted by INS Godavari before it could reach Sri Lanka.